Azolla ferns are plants that live in water. This plant symbiosis with Anabaena azollae, blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) and Azolla as a host or a home for algae. Algae live in cavities in the lower surface of leaves Azolla. In this mutually beneficial relationship, Anabaena served fix and assimilate nitrogen from the atmosphere. Nitrogen is then used by the Azolla to form proteins. While the task of Azolla provides the carbon and the environment is 'comfortable' for the growth and development of algae. Unique symbiotic relationship is what makes a plant Azolla stunning with a good nutritional quality.
There are several species of azolla, among others, Azolla caroliniana, Azolla filiculoides, Azolla mexicana, Azolla microphylla, Azolla nilotica, Azolla pinnata var. pinnata, Azolla pinnata var. imbricata, Azolla rubra.
Azolla is very rich in protein, essential amino acids, vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin B12 and Beta-Carotene), minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and magnesium. Based on the dry weight, containing 25-35% protein, 10-15% minerals and 70-10% amino acids, bioactive compounds and the biopolymer. While carbohydrate and fat content of Azolla is very low. Azolla nutritional composition makes a very efficient and effective as fish feed, cattle, and poultry. Livestock can easily digest, because the high protein content and low lignin.
